Haiti from the book the cias greatest hits by mark zepezauer. Although the reviled united nations occupation force remains the main muscle in haiti, the farcically elected president, michel martelly,seems to be acting like a dictatorinwaiting. President reagans policies concerning haitian immigration remain to be seen. A group of mercenaries headed to fight in the haitian revolution to overthrow francois papa doc duvalier made it no further than this spot. He was elected president in 1957 on a populist and black nationalist platform. Simone duvalier mama doc, wife of haitian dictator francois. Zowel papa doc als baby doc werden aangesteld voor het leven en.
Francois papa doc duvalier biography birthday, trivia. Little is known of the origins of francois duvalier. It surpasses anything i have read about the roman or babylonian or even pharaonic excesses. Francois duvalier was the president of haiti from 1957 until his death. Francois duvalier 19071971 was haitian president for life. He succeeded his father francois papa doc duvalier as the ruler of haiti. The legislative chamber, which did whatever duvalier wanted, rewrote the 1957 constitution, making a point of changing article 197 so that duvalier could be declared president for life. Early life francois duvalier was born in portauprince, haiti, on april 14. On april 19, 1963, a military plot against duvalier was uncovered and crushed.
The mere facts of these exploits seemed comical though tragic in their failure. Duvalier in haiti, we must begin with francois papa doc duvalier. Francois duvalier got his start as a physician which was the source of his nickname, papa doc who worked in the haitian government beginning in the mid1940s. Geography, history, economy, religion, customs, duvalier, vodou voodoo, aristide, catholicism, portauprince, windward passage by progressive management available from rakuten kobo. Duvalier regime in haiti and immigrant health in the united.
He was exiled after an uprising in 1986 and spent 25 years in refuge in france. Today, haitians are one of the largest post 1965 immigrant groups in new york city. The fact that papa doc was able to control the haitian people by ruling with an iron fist policy and maintaining a large and viscous guard, known as the ton ton macoutes, make it surprising that anyone would dare attempt to defy his orders and remove him from his coveted position. Feb 03, 2014 i bring to you this documentary filmed in 1968 showcasing an interesting cast of comedians, i mean, characters. He opposed a military coup detat in 1950 and was elected as president in 1957 on a populist and black nationalist platform. This provides a thorough recounting of the multiple attempts to supplant papa doc. Health status average marginal effect 95% con dence interval b gender males n 2 438 females n. Known as papa doc and initially popular, duvalier remained president until his death in 1971. Jeanclaude baby docduvalier, who is now of the age of 56, spoke in the language of voltaire, the language of the haitian middleclass and bourgeoisie, that is french, not creole, the language of the haitian masses, apologized for the odious political crimes committed by his quasi15yearold dictatorial regime, the pillaging of the public. One such malevolent dictator was francois duvalier. Huge likenesses of papa doc, as he enjoyed being called, were plastered on walls in his.
Throughout history, mankind has seen the rise and fall of many ruthless dictators. He challenged cuba, the dominican republic, and the united states, leaving the country with few political allies. The root of haitis economic and social problem today can be traced back to the debt haiti was forced to. Decades of the duvalier regime in haiti and immigrant health in the united states a. Francois duvalier also known as papa doc, was the president of haiti from 1957 to 1971. Evidence for the allegations francois duvaliers alleged crimes articles of the rome statute article 6 a genocide by killing article 7 1 f crime against humanity of torture article 7 1 g1 crime against humanity of rape article 7 1 a crime against humanity of murder. Haiti under the duvalier both francois papa doc and jeanclaude. The fervor and singlemindedness of this deification probably have no precedent in history.
Papa doc maintained his presidency until his death in 1971. Francois duvalier, byname papa doc, born april 14, 1907, portauprince, haiti died april 21, 1971, portauprince, president of haiti whose. Haiti in perspective orientation guide and cultural. Jul 31, 2012 sweet micky, as he is known, is a fan of papa and baby doc duvalier, the father and son despots who slaughtered tens of thousands. Duvalier was more conciliatory in his willingness to follow u. Duvalier graduated in 1934 from the university of haiti school of medicine, where he served as a hospital staff physician until 1943, when he became prominently active in the u. Jeanbertrand aristide, jeanclaude baby doc duvalier.
Backed exdictator baby doc duvalier wont end haitian victims quest for justice duration. Its not like duvalier or assad passing the torch to the son and heir. The invasion of us marines on haitian soil in 1915, followed by incessant violent repressions of political dissent, and american installed puppet rulers left a powerful impression on the young duvalier, as did the latent political power of. Baby doc, marie denise, mrs max adolph and colonel gracias made cameo appearances. Early life edit she was born simone ovide in about 19 near the haitian town of leogane, the daughter of a mulatto merchant and writer, jules faine, and celie ovide, one of.
After kennedys death in november 1963, pressure on duvalier eased, and the united states adopted a policy of grudging acceptance of the haitian regime because of the countrys strategic location. Francois duvalier, byname papa doc, born april 14, 1907, portauprince, haitidied april 21, 1971, portauprince, president of haiti whose. The area where usaid started the food for work program and that was. Papa doc duvalier he was a medical doctor also relied on voodoo incantations and, during a 1959 uprising, the timely assistance of the us military. Information and translations of papa doc in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Sweet micky, as he is known, is a fan of papa and baby doc duvalier, the father and son despots who slaughtered tens of thousands. Haitian immigrants and the greater caribbean community of new. Francois duvalier papa doc was born april, 14th 1907 portauprince, haiti.
The skeleton is provided by a framework of haitis history from colonization to the exile of its first elected postduvalier president. As recently as ten years ago, ammunition clips could still be found among the scattered coral heads. At 64, weakened by heart attacks and chronic diabetes. Papa doc duvalier, up close and personal 1968 youtube. He won the elections by a large majority against a mulatto candidate duvalier, who was black, was seen by the population at large as a man of the people. The trump impeachment hearings fiona hill and david holmes. Their rule resulted in the murder of 30,000 to 60,000 haitians, the exile. Jan 19, 2011 the duvalier dynasty begun by papa doc in 1957 was founded, in the first instance, upon the power of the uscreated haitian army, which handed him the presidency. But for me at least, it was a surprise to see that democrat ron brown was also one of his defenders. Duvalier definition, haitian physician and dictator. A vote on the new constitution was held, and on june 22, 1964, duvalier was officially named president for life.
On this day in 1986, haitis president jeanclaude baby doc duvalier fled to france with his wife to avoid a military coup. Papa doc duvalier voodoo societies matos spells and magic. Francois duvalier biography life, family, name, death. Francois papa doc duvalier by breanna kehoe on prezi. Hij werd na zijn overlijden opgevolgd door zijn zoon jeanclaude alias baby doc. Jeanclaude baby doc duvalier died before he could be held accountable for the crimes. Upon his return in january 2011, duvalier was briefly detained on corruption, theft and misappropriation of funds charges. Trained as a physician and known to his people as papa doc, duvalier dominated his country and its institutions as no other haitian chief executive. On the death of his father, francois papa doc duvalier, when he was still only 19, jeanclaude duvalier, baby doc, succeeded him as haitis. After thwarting a military coup detat in 1958, his regime rapidly became totalitarian and despotic.
Preface the aim of this book is to describe the events and circumstances which led to the rise and fall of the duvalier dictatorship in haiti. Oct 05, 2014 duvalier inherited power from his similarly cruel father, papa doc in 1971, when he was made president for life aged just 19. He advanced black interests in the public sector, where over time, people of colour had predominated as the educated urban elite. Read haiti in perspective orientation guide and cultural orientation. The skeleton is provided by a framework of haitis history from colonization to the exile of its first elected post duvalier president. Jeanclaude duvalier nicknamed baby doc was a haitian politician who was the president of haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986.
With the armys support, he was elected to the presidency in 1957. The book reveals how duvalier sucked the last of life from of this longsuffering country. In 1971, the tyrannical francois papa doc duvalier was ill and dying, so he anointed his only son, then 19, to succeed him. Francois papa doc duvalier was elected to presidency in the 1957 general election, and he declared himself president for life following the 1964 constitutional referendum. His father was a school teacher and municipal court judge. Papa doc, a ruthless dictator, kept the haitians in illiteracy and.
Watch nov 21 how testimonies from fiona hill and david holmes filled in sondlands gaps. Baby doc duvalier arrested in haiti world socialist web site. Duvalier now exercised more power in haiti than ever. Francois duvalier, papa doc, became president following a campaign in which he sought to rally the countrys noiriste. Trained as a physician and known to his people as papa doc, duvalier ruled his country as no other haitian chief executive had, using violence and phony elections to hold down any opposition. However, aristides reformist policies alienated the wealthy elite, and, after he. Nelson rockefeller right visits papa doc francois papa doc duvalier reign of terror. Haitian police invaded the dominican embassy to seize government foes but withdrew when dominican president juan bosch threatened to use armed force against them.
The nixon administration restored the united states aid program for haiti in. After thwarting a military coup detat in 1958, his regime rapidly became. Haiti military regimes and the duvaliers britannica. Papa doc cast his spell through the artful use of voodoo, which in effect is haitis national religion. Haitis exleader jeanclaude baby doc duvalier had the right to return to the country but must now.
From 1957 to 1971, francois papa doc duvalier ruled haiti under the mysterious guise of framing himself as a voodoo deity. Francois duvalier was the notorious ruler of haiti throughout the 1960s. Duvalier even went so far as to indoctrinate haitian chil dren with a political catechism that. Francois duvalier, president of haiti whose 14year regime was of unprecedented duration in that country. Francois papa doc duvalier came to power in haiti in 1957 and died in 1971, leaving his son to rule for 15 years. The damage america has done in haiti the washington post. Jan 23, 2011 image caption jeanclaude duvalier is staying in a hotel in haitis capital, portauprince. As he was driven to the airport, haitians heckled him. Under your regime, haiti was marked by extreme poverty and wealth, as it still is today. Francois duvalier, president of the republic of haiti, is trying to make it possible to succeed him, peers over the palace fence as he watched a carnival last sunday at port au prince.
You are charged with the mistreatment and murder of hundreds of thousands of haitians from 1957 to 1986, you ruled haiti with an iron. The dictator in this case was the brutal haitian despot, papa doc duvalier. Martelly argued that duvalier should receive amnesty for decades of human rights violations, including arresting, torturing, and killing political opponents in a notorious threeprison triangle of. Papa doc duvalier 19071971 born in portauprince, haiti in 1907, francois duvalier had a front seat for an era of latin american political turmoil. When papa doc died in 1971, his 19yearold son, called baby doc, became presidentforlife.
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